Digital resources in the Social Sciences and Humanities OpenEdition Our platforms OpenEdition Books OpenEdition Journals Hypotheses Calenda Libraries OpenEdition Freemium Follow us

Wanted: Swiss Atari Games

by Beat Suter

The CH-Ludens research project has compiled a corpus of video games from the period 1980–2000 that were either developed in Switzerland or have a close connection to Switzerland. In addition to many other games, this corpus contains a good two dozen Atari games. The Atari games listed are spread across various platforms that emerged during these years and were used for the development and release of console and computer games.

search for atari games
Figure 1: Searching for Atari games from Switzerland on old floppy disks – GameLab ZHdK. Source: Suter

Continue reading Wanted: Swiss Atari Games

All known Swiss C64 Games

by Beat Suter

The research team CH-Ludens specialises in researching Swiss computer games from the 1980s and 1990s. While searching for Commodore C64 games developed in Switzerland, CH-Ludens discovered several interesting titles. Robox (1986), for example, is a graphic adventure game developed by Laro Schatzer and Marc Pilloud (fig. 1).  Adrian Demleitner, PhD candidate of the HKB researched it in depth and made two interviews with the developers. The German-language game features numerous locations, a good parser and challenging puzzles. It was released in 1986 by the German publisher Markt & Technik and is well documented.

Continue reading All known Swiss C64 Games

Swiss Listing Games? More listing games from Switzerland wanted!

by Beat Suter

So far, CH-Ludens has only been able to identify and archive just four listing games that were created in Switzerland. All four oft hem were printed as winners in computer magazines and therefore available as printed source code in archives that preserve computer magazines.

These are the games Jagdszene Chicago (1985) by Christoph Cronimund, Cave Flight (1985) by René Straub, Top Tennis (1985) by Bernhard Dalle and Muri (1987) by Markus Wild and Marius Wey.

Of course, in the early 1980s, there were many more “listed games” in Switzerland than just these four. Unfortunately, they were not published anywhere. In response to their monthly calls for submissions, the computer magazines received many listing games from young programmers. But only the best ones were published. Today, a large number of these listing games are considered irrevocably lost. However, it is possible that young programmers of the time still have old floppy disks with their game prototypes from the listing era at home. The CH-Ludens research group would be very interested in these games. We are researching the entire history of Swiss game design up to the year 2000 and would be happy if you could search your old disks and notes for lost “Listing games”. Or maybe you know of a game or two that has been published somewhere that we haven’t found. Please send your information to gamelab.zurich at zhdk.ch.

Continue reading Swiss Listing Games? More listing games from Switzerland wanted!

Eine Box ist nicht nur eine Box: Game Verpackung im Wandel der Zeit

von Beat Suter

Verpackung für Videogames ist obsolet geworden. Heute werden 90% aller Spiele als Daten gestreamt oder übers Internet heruntergeladen. Nur ein kleiner Teil der Videogames erhält noch eine Verpackung und wird in Elektronikläden in die Regale gestellt. Früher war das ganz anders.

Ein Videogame wollte inszeniert sein, es musste durch seine Verpackung Aufmerksamkeit erringen, denn es war in den Läden in grossen Räumen voller Schachteln in Regale eingereiht. Und die potenziellen Spielerinnen und Spieler mussten sich lustvoll und etwas mühsam durch Stapel oder gut sortierte lange Tischreihen wühlen. Die frühen Verpackungen zeigten nicht das Gameplay eines Spiels, sondern vermittelten eine anregende Idee der Spielwelt, eine Inszenierung, die von den Betrachtern Imagination forderte. Professionelle Grafiker entwarfen Covers mit ausdrucksstarken realistischen Helden und Szenen, die weit über die Pixelwelt des Spiels hinausgingen.

In den 1980er und 1990er Jahren hatte die Normierung solcher Boxen noch keinen so durchschlagenden Erfolg. Es gab unterschiedliche Formen von Verpackungen. Die Händler versuchten Normierungen einzuführen und zum Beispiel übergrosse Verpackungen wie die grosse Kaiser Box (1989) des Schweizer Publishers LINEL nicht in ihr Sortiment aufzunehmen, weil sie nicht in die Regale passten. Doch sobald sich ein solches Spiel woanders gut verkaufte, wurde es dann trotzdem aufgenommen. Ein Standard für Verpackungen setzte sich erst nach 2000 so richtig durch mit der Polybox.

Dieser Text entwirft eine Entwicklungslinie der Game Verpackungen über die Jahrzehnte hinweg mit speziellem Blick auf Schweizer Videogames, die im freien Markt erhältlich waren.

Continue reading Eine Box ist nicht nur eine Box: Game Verpackung im Wandel der Zeit

A Box is not just a Box: Game packaging in the course of time

by Beat Suter

Packaging for video games has become obsolete. Today, 90% of all games are streamed as data or downloaded via the internet. Only a small proportion of video games are still packaged and placed on shelves in electronics stores. It used to be very different.

A video game had to attract attention through its packaging, as it was lined up in stores on shelves in large rooms full of boxes. And potential players had to enjoy and somewhat laboriously rummage through stacks or well-sorted long rows of tables. The early packaging did not show the gameplay of a game but conveyed a stimulating idea of the game world. Professional graphic designers created covers with expressive, realistic heroes and scenes that went far beyond the pixel world of the game.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the standardization of such boxes was not such a resounding success. There were different types of packaging. Retailers tried to introduce standardization and, for example, did not include oversized packaging such as the large Kaiser box (1989) from Swiss publisher LINEL in their range because it did not fit on their shelves. But as soon as such a game sold well elsewhere, it was included anyway. It was not until the year 2000 that the Polybox really established itself as a standard for packaging.

This text outlines the development of game packaging over the decades with a special focus on Swiss video games that were available on the open market.

Continue reading A Box is not just a Box: Game packaging in the course of time

”Und es läuft heute noch perfekt!”

Galactic Empires for Networks (GEn) – ein Schweizer Multiplayer Spiel (1984-2000)

von Beat Suter

Kann ein Strategiespiel 40 Jahre später noch gleichviel Spannung und Spielspass generieren? Kann ein Netzwerk-Spiel 25 bis 30 Jahre später auf neuen Systemen noch genauso gut funktionieren wie damals? Was unmöglich oder unwahrscheinlich klingt, schaffen drei Schweizer Entwickler mit ihrem Spiel Galactic Empires. Alle drei gehören zu der ersten Generation von Informatik Studierenden der ETH Zürich. Sie haben die Digitalisierung in der Schweiz von Anfang an mitgeprägt. Ihr Multiplayer Spiel hat eine Spieldauer von 4 – 8 Stunden und kann heute noch im gleichen Rahmen gespielt werden, wie damals, als sie mit Freunden ganze Nächte durchgezockt haben.

Der Hinweis kam von einem guten Freund, der in den frühen neunziger Jahren regelmässig Freitag- oder Samstagnacht ein Science-Fiction Strategiespiel in seinem Freundeskreis aus Informatik und Ökonomie gespielt hatte, meist in den Wohnungen und Büroräumen seiner Freunde. Dabei handelte es sich um ein Multiplayer Spiel, das über Jahre immer wieder weiterentwickelt und immer wieder gespielt wurde bis etwa ins Jahr 2008. Die Entwickler und Spieler bezeichneten das Spiel mit GalEmp oder Galactic Empires, später auch GEn, Galactic Empires for Networks.

Continue reading ”Und es läuft heute noch perfekt!”

“And it is still running perfectly today!”

Galactic Empires for Networks (GEn) – a Swiss multiplayer game (1984-2000)

by Beat Suter

Can a strategy game still provide the same excitement and fun 40 years later? Can a network game work as well on new systems 25 to 30 years later as it did back then? What sounds impossible or unlikely has been achieved by three Swiss developers with their game Galactic Empires. All three belong to the first generation of computer science students at ETH Zurich. They have helped shape digitalization in Switzerland from the very beginning. Their multiplayer game has a playing time of 4 to 8 hours and can still be played today in the same way as it was played all night long with friends.


The tip came from a good friend who, in the early 1990s, regularly played a science fiction strategy game on Friday or Saturday nights with his circle of friends from the IT and business departments, mostly in the homes and offices of his friends. It was a multiplayer game that was developed over the years and played again and again until about 2008. The developers and players called the game GalEmp or Galactic Empires, later also GEn, Galactic Empires for Networks.

Continue reading “And it is still running perfectly today!”

LINEL – a Swiss Game Publisher 3: From Eureka! to the Neverending Story – People and Work at LINEL

by Beat Suter

LINEL – Swiss Game Publisher:
Part 1 – A comprehensive list of LINEL’S games
Part 2 – Collaborations and unreleased games
Part 3 – People and Work at LINEL
Part 4 – Publishing and Marketing (expected)

The following text originally appeared here. 

LINEL was a software developer and game publisher based in Switzerland. The label was active from 1987 to 1995. Part 1 of this essay established a complete list of all games that were published and distributed by the Swiss company LINEL. Part 2 pieces together LINEL’s international collaborations with other publishers and developers and uncovers the games that were never released. Part 3 takes a closer look at founder Markus Grimmer and the developers, studios, and distributors Grimmer’s LINEL worked with in those years.

Continue reading LINEL – a Swiss Game Publisher 3: From Eureka! to the Neverending Story – People and Work at LINEL